What Might Have Been
Ezra Klein makes the case that the decline of newspapers was and is so inevitable that there’s nothing smarter or better management could have done to prevent it:
Jarvis had no answer for this, and nor, so far as I know, does Shirky. More prescient managers might have made for better news products but not sufficient revenue models. Most of the commentary on dying newspapers has been about making their news product better. But the salable product of newspapers was not news. It was local advertising and classifieds. Classifieds are now free and online advertising is a weak revenue stream. Meanwhile, the internet gives individuals have access to more news, not less. Much is lost amidst this, particularly in terms of local coverage. Which is why, aside from journalists losing their jobs, few are actually upset over the changes roiling the industry. Which is why, as Shirky presciently said in 1993, “there is nothing anyone can do about it.”
A few points on this:
One — there’s obviously a very strong sense in which newspapers, physical bundles of newsprint with ink on them, are doomed. That issue should be separated from the question of whether or not the firms and brands traditionally associated with newspaper publishing are doomed.
Two — one shouldn’t underestimate the extent to which a lot of people in publishing took a remarkably long time to appreciate point one. A lot of people really took the view that because older readers habituated to the practice of reading physical papers continued to prefer print that somehow that meant online-only would “never” catch on.
Three — I don’t actually think that the firms and brands traditionally associated with newspaper publishing are doomed. One such firm, the News Corporation, will clearly survive the transition to digital. Probably none of the papers the News Corporation currently publishes will continue to exist as papers forever, but their brands and human capital were persist as part of the continued entity. I suspect that 1-3 other newspaper companies and/or wire services will continue to exist. And even if The New York Times were to go bankrupt and be sold-off to someone else, I’m fairly certain the brand will continue to exist.
Four — the clearest thing management could have done better was to recognize earlier what business they were in. In particular, letting the online classified market slip away was a preventable error. Everyone might be posting their free classified on NYTList.com had someone really smart come up with that idea. The pageviews involved would have been a huge additional asset to the nytimes.com website and it would have been one newspaper undercutting the competition rather than all newspapers being undercut by a guy named Craig.
Five — I have more thoughts on this but I’m supposed to go get a burrito with my colleagues.
112 Responses to “What Might Have Been”
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December 23rd, 2008 at 11:41 am
Mexican food in DC? Be careful, man.
I’ve heard a story from newspaper people that some ad manager with the SF Chronicle saw craigslist early on and told his bosses, “we have to give away our classifieds free or this guy is going to kill us,” and nobody listened. Not sure how true it is.
December 23rd, 2008 at 11:43 am
I’ve read this post many times before—Gladwell and Surowiecki started the meme in the New Yorker about a year ago and various bloggers have been amen-cornering it ever since.
OK then: print news is dead and branding is important. What next?
December 23rd, 2008 at 11:51 am
seconding too many steves first point…are there really burritos in DC? Legit burritos?
December 23rd, 2008 at 11:54 am
I think you’re eliding one very important fact here, Matt. Properly staffed newspapers, be they print or digital, like the New York Times, are expensive to run. To my knowledge, no one’s really managed to crack the revenue problem in the digital transition. Smaller, more focused sites like TPM can exist off online ad revenue and occasional fundraising drives, but a monster like the Times has no chance. News Corp and its papers will survive because News Corp will continue to fund its money-losing brand-enhancing newspapers with the profits from their television stations.
December 23rd, 2008 at 11:56 am
Sure, newspapers could have thought up the Craigslist model first, but they never would’ve been able to compete. Craigslist is a national brand - newspapers tended to be local monopolies, or at best, scattered chains. They were built to cater to their local markets. Say the Chronicle actually had gone with the idea back when it was first proposed. Would it then have expanded to every other city in the country, destroying the revenue streams for American journalism? Right. And when Craigslist did, it would’ve outcompeted the Chronicle.
I don’t think Matt is actually arguing with Ezra to the degree he supposes. Both seem to agree that the vast majority of American newspapers - hundreds of them - were doomed once the internet was invented. WalMart and Macy*s probably hastened their demise. There was nothing that, say, the Detroit Free Press might have done to forestall this.
But Matt points out that a handful of newspapers will survive, and perhaps even flourish, in some altered form. I suspect he’s right about that. We’ve already seen this happening. The New York Times, Washington Post, and Wall Street Journal are in relatively stronger positions vis a vis their competition than they were a decade ago. Virtually alone among newspapers, they’ve retained their national and international reach. They now distribute content around the world. Their brands are truly international. Every other paper of which I can think has diminished the scope and scale of its coverage, becoming increasingly local in focus. Most cities will retain a paper, or perhaps (in a couple of instances) even two. But they’ll be sadly diminished operations, with a small fraction of the original content they once offered.
We, as a nation, will be the poorer for that. There’s been no alternative model that has emerged to date that can reproduce actual shoe-leather reporting on anything like the scale on which it is presently vanishing. Opinion journalism will probably enter a new golden age. But reported journalism is struggling. That’s sad. And honestly, I don’t see how anyone can argue that it’s the fault of newspapers.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:05 pm
I wouldn’t write off the newspapers yet, but there’s sure to be some shake out, as well as slimming in terms of product.
As for the Craigslist thing, you don’t need to compete nationally, any metropolitan area people are going to go with the tool that works for their area, being national is meaningless when it comes to what Craigslist is doing, it just filled a void that existed in each place.
By way of example, I once was hired as the entertainment writer for a fledgling entertainment paper in a mid-sized city. We were doing great, providing a complete calendar of events for music, art, lifestyle, etc., doing some features and reviews too, fueling the whole thing financially with mostly personal ad revenue and some paid advertising (this was the early 90s), and the big local newspaper took notice that we were growing really fast, and simply cut the legs out from underneath us by offering free personal ads.
It wasn’t long until the business was starting to lag in terms of personal ad revenue and the entertainment portion of it went defunct, not long after which the main newspaper decided it no longer wanted to do free personal ads anymore, already accomplishing its mission.
Of course, Craigslist is free and cheap, so no metropolitan rag would have put it out of business, by any stretch of the imagination, but a lot of the traffic that Craigslist owns could have been coopted by the major media groups in the area, had they been prescient enough to anticipate the future of web value in terms of presence and traffic.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:06 pm
Its been nearly a decade since I lived in DC, but I object to too many steves and the coach suggestion about mexican food in DC. Unless things have really gone downhill and gentrification has wiped out all manner of great food since I lived there, I seem to recall all sorts of excellent Mexican food in the Adams Morgan & Mt. Pleasant neighborhoods.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:07 pm
Why should print news be dead? Newsprint is pretty cheap, no? They give away free papers just for ad space. If you’re already paying the labor costs associated with newspapers, which is surely the vast majority, the extra cost of printing can’t be what’s getting you.
The problem the internet brings to newspapers is not that newspapers insisted on remaining in print and therefore lost people who prefer to read news online. The problem is that the internet created specialized competition to generalized newspapers which was previously impossible due to the high startup costs of running a media company. If I want to read classifieds I go to craigslist, if I want to read business news or science news I go to sites and blogs specializing in those areas, if I want to read opinion I come here. There’s no reason all those components should be bundled in the age of the internet, which means that every component provided by newspapers which are merely mediocre will be a loss. If you look at what newspapers are actually doing to survive, it’s not getting rid of paper, which is cheap, it’s getting rid of people–which makes perfect sense.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:08 pm
I don’t have much to add about revenue streams/models that would intelligent or add insight except to say the ad salesmen I talk to seem mainly to still be thinking like it’s still about 1962. I’ve spent hours debating with these people about how they better develop a revenue model based on a lot of small bites, rather one centered on the big ad buys by department stores and car dealerships. They all think I’m as crazy as a shithouse rat.
But as someone who has been — and at least through today’s deadline, still is — employed by a sequence of small newspapers over the past decade, it has long seemed obvious to me that newspapers have been very slow to improve both their processes and their products by the application of technology. There are some small independent papers at which someone with some knowledge, foresight and spending money dropped in hardware and software, and these are often pretty easy to pick out.
This is not really surprising b/c newspapers are staffed with some of the most technophobic people in country. Many many many papers still use computers as fancy typewriters. It would be as if draftsmen still used computers as nothing more than 2D electronic drafting tables.
As a tip of the iceberg example, I am laying out my section today use QuarkXpress 4.0, a version of the program released in 1996. B/c that’s what this shop uses, it means all of the computer seats being used to layout have to use a version Mac OS X (10.4 or earlier) that can run OS 9 applications. It’s unstable, crashes, leads to loss of work, and hence productivity losses, completely apart from the creativity losses that “enjoyed” by using what has long been fairly primitive stuff.
But since I’m on deadline, that’s about as far into it as I can get right now…
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:12 pm
Mmmm Burritos… what kind???
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:12 pm
Matt:
People may have a lot more news NOW, but once all of the beat reporters, international reporters/bureaus and other news gathering mechanisms which require a significant revenue stream to fund go out of business, there will be a lot less news than today, and worse news than before the demise of the news paper. Investigative reporting is not cheap Matt. So before we all sit there and act all dismissive of the laid-off reporter, that laid-off reporter very well may have been working on uncovering the latest local scandal which results in siphoned funds, polluted waters etc…
Also - at what point will you, the blogger, who works on commentary and analysis only lose the underpinnings of his craft (i.e.- hard news) making your site not relevant and vapid.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:13 pm
It’s hard to keep up with the young folks and their jargon these days. I assume that “get a burrito with my colleagues” means what “sleeping with the fishes” meant back in the day. In any event, I think “my colleagues need to throw me under the bus” would be the elegant way to put it, especially given your interest in mass transit.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:17 pm
Burrito al pastor, if the place actually has a vertical broiler, you know you’re in the right place, though I never complain about needing to go adobada, carnitas or carne asada, and lately I’ve fallen back in love with chili verde as well.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:23 pm
“Would it then have expanded to every other city in the country, destroying the revenue streams for American journalism? Right. And when Craigslist did, it would’ve outcompeted the Chronicle.”
I think you’re underestimating pathway effects here. SF Chronicle (or Bay Guardian, or SF Weekly) copies Craigslist with zero payment for classified (or zero payment below a certain threshold). People opt for SF Chronicle’s offerings instead, and Craigslist fails to reach critical mass. Remember Metcalfe’s law: the value of a network grows approximately with the square of the number of participants.
Also, Craigslist’s market for *local* items. If I want a nationwide audience, I’d use Ebay or whatever. Craigslist could have been strangled at birth, if the SF Chronicle had been more aggressive.
The one thing that might have prevented Craigslist (or something similar) from failing was the imperfect development of internet commerce at the time. It would have been hard for the SF Chronic to monetize page views around the time Craigslist was launched because there was essentially little to no internet commerce at the time. It’s hard to remember this at the time, but it was a few years between the launch of Netscape and when Verisign successfully enabled secure web transactions.
But from an economic point of view, we’re better off with Craiglist than with newspaper classified ads. The problem of how to pay for the public good of journalistic oversight is goign to require some other revenue stream to support it. We haven’t solved that problem yet.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:24 pm
I am laying out my section today use QuarkXpress 4.0, a version of the program released in 1996. B/c that’s what this shop uses, it means all of the computer seats being used to layout have to use a version Mac OS X (10.4 or earlier) that can run OS 9 applications.
I knew things were bad, but I had no idea they were that bad.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:30 pm
Isn’t the present economic meltdown really responsible for the current crisis in the newspaper industry? I’m not quibbling with the cultural and economic trends people are talking about, but those trends aren’t actually the main factor at this time. There’s an intervening event happening that is destroying newspapers, and ignoring it so a bunch of folks who’ve been predicted the end of newspapers for over a decade can feel vindicated is a bit silly.
Mike
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:31 pm
You know… I wouldn’t write off everything to craigslist yet. Craigslist is at it’s own point in the software development process were it could easily be usurped.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:40 pm
Out of curiosity how does someone who writes for CAPAF have the gall to call out traditional media on their profitability? CAPAF is only able to pay Lord Ygelsias because they beg for $$ in the form of donations that they say will go to helping progressives in America. Little do the donors know that the $$ actually goes to a TFB and his DC office.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:42 pm
1) What’s this bullshit about the New York Times having a brand. It does — for two-faced deceit, in my opinion. Part of the deceit Includes posing as a liberal newspaper.
2) If you look at when Punch-Drunk started his steep nose-dive into bankruptcy, it was when he printed –and defended — Judith Miller’s bullshit. If I wanted to read misleading propaganda that sent 4000+ US soldiers to their deaths on behalf of Israel, I would import Likud’s pamplets.
Who wants to subscribe to a newspaper that they suspect is constantly lying to them?
Same thing goes for the Washington Post, IMO — just look at Robert Samuelson’s column.
3) If the Times and Post die, then we may get a REAL liberal newspaper. Like the Guardian.
4) THE most pressing issue this Republic has — one which is being ignored by Move On and the Obama People — is the need to create an institution that will unearth the Truth and EXPOSE it to the voters. Including the Truth that Fox News and Rupert Murdoch’s other enterprises are crafted, in my opinion, to deceive not to inform.
When assholes like Rush Limbaugh, Bill O’Reilly , and Fox News anchors actually have CREDIBILITY among 50 percent of the population and a major Voice in the Public Debate then Democracy is on its last legs. They are the equivalent of the Nazis yelling Seig Heil at Nuremburg.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:47 pm
Here’s the point I was trying to make about Craigslist.
The utility of any classified listing is directly proportional to its scope and its audience. So, as a general rule, 500,000 listings are better than 500. (Provided, of course, the presence of useful filtering tools.) Volume rules.
For the Chronicle, or any other paper, to have cornered this market, it would have had to decide that one of its most lucrative franchises was doomed, and forego a decade or more of revenue to give it away for free. Very few enterprises have ever been able to make such a decision. But let’s assume, for a moment, that someone at the Chronicle had made exactly that decision.
Within a year or two, it would have been clear that free classified listings were the wave of the future. It’s true that classifieds function as a hyperlocal service. But it’s also true that such services now have national marketing heft. That’s the key point. If I move from New York to DC, I’m not going to track down the local classifieds - I’m far more likely to use the one I already know. Whichever classified listing service expanded nationally first was likely to gain advantages of scale that would endow it with a virtually insurmountable position. It could invest in improved site architecture, and reap the rewards in hundreds of markets. Advertising in one market would help it everywhere else, as people move around the country. Sure, it could’ve been the Chronicle instead of Craigslist. Or some other entity entirely. And Craigslist may yet be eclipsed. But it’s a marketplace that’s only going to allow for one dominant service at a time.
So perhaps one of the hundreds of American newspapers might have seized this opportunity first. And, if it actually managed to monetize the traffic (something Craigslist has notably not done) it might’ve flourished. But what of the hundreds of others?
GM is a monument to bad management, because we’re not buying fewer cars - just fewer of their cars. But newspapers? The whole sector is in decline. That’s not bad management.
We all want to believe in a just world. And so when some people fail, we look for reasons for their failure. It’s profoundly reassuring to believe that they were done in by their own mistakes, rather than by forces beyodn their control. But in this case, it just ain’t so.
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:51 pm
To celebrate the fact that Pedro & Vinnie’s is back? Whoopee! Or are you in the wrong part of town?
Sadly, I don’t think there are many good burritos to be had near my office, but the Swanky Safeway makes up for it. Does anyone know of good burritos near Union Station?
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:00 pm
1) This preening about the strenth of the Internet is also a crock of shit. 90 percent of what shows up on most blogs is utter bullshit, devoid of any research or logic.
Probably 90 percent of important events are overlooked by the blogosphere until the smell of shit reaches even the uninformed.
How about that Bailout, eh?
2) The Internet is good for dissimulating content. Unfortunately, a lot of the content is shit. Trival nonsense crafted to keep products of the public school system diverted into their characteristic state of ignorance.
3) The blog was a technological construct designed for dissimulating propaganda, not for high quality discourse that produces robust findings of high quality.
Matthew and Daily Kos are truly the exception is allowing fair debate. Right wing blogs like Instapundit don’t even allow comment. The right wing blogs which do allow discussions are deceitful, in my opinion, because they covertly ban commenters who deviate from the party line. At the drop of a hat.
The same is true of some of the leftist blogs –e.g, Richard Hack’s criticism of Josh Marshall’s TPMCafe is valid.
I was banned there simply for saying that if some grieving American parent who lost a child in Iraq blew Richard Perle’s Limo 50 feet into the air that I would consider it an improvement in the national discourse on Iraq.
The banning process is largely covert — which presents the misleading impression of open debate when there really is none.
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:02 pm
I suspect “get a burrito with my colleagues” is a euphemism, kind of like “taken out to the woodshed.” And “colleagues” stands in for one J. Palmieri. I kid because I love.
But this is basically right, the NY Times and other newspapers had market advantage back in 1998 or so to turn their classified ads into internet revenue. But they wanted to declaim against the Internets. Even today you have this backwards ass thinking about the Internet. For instance, the NY Times website has this annoying habit of making many links point to an NY Times dictionary for common terms. This was probably done with the intent of capturing traffic internally, but the result is that most people now know those links are useless and never click on them in the first place.
Anyhow, just a little example of how being behind the curve on technology can lead to bad future consequences. The music industry and RIAA is heading in exactly this same way. It’ll take a little longer and many people will be sued before it happens because of the idiocy of US Copyright law.
However, I’m saying all this about the idiocy of people who don’t understand the internets, and I’m writing it on a blog where the technical experts have not yet figured out how to point MATTHEWYGLESIAS.COM to its current site.
It’s kind of like you want to just throw away traffic. Fine man.
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:15 pm
Why should print news be dead? Newsprint is pretty cheap, no? They give away free papers just for ad space. If you’re already paying the labor costs associated with newspapers, which is surely the vast majority, the extra cost of printing can’t be what’s getting you.
First of all, as someone else pointed out either here or in Ezra’s thread, online advertising is less dependable than print advertising, and is generally less rewarding in the first place. Second of all, investigative journalism generally depends on big papers, which can afford to have a reporter or two on staff who doesn’t produce anything tangible on day-to-day deadlines. All the proposed online alternatives to newspapers would not nearly be as big as the NYT or WaPo or whatever, so serious, hard-hitting journalism would become even rarer than it already is.
Isn’t the present economic meltdown really responsible for the current crisis in the newspaper industry?
Not really. I mean, sure, the meltdown isn’t helping, but this downward trend in print media has been indisputable for years. Newsroom staffs and advertising revenues have all been shrinking throughout the industry. This isn’t a case of someone predicting doom every year and seizing on every downturn as proof, it’s more like a case of people noticing ongoing doom.
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:16 pm
Advertising in one market would help it everywhere else, as people move around the country. Sure, it could’ve been the Chronicle instead of Craigslist. Or some other entity entirely. And Craigslist may yet be eclipsed. But it’s a marketplace that’s only going to allow for one dominant service at a time.
But it depends on what you describe as the “marketplace”. Way back when, newspaper classifieds served as the primary way to find out about job listings, repair services, items for sale, home sales, home rentals, used cars, and on and on.
You’re right to say that national companies have taken over, but the market itself has fragmented. Think: angieslist.com or servicemagic.com for repairs, monster.com (just one of a half dozen career sites), there’s a half dozen for used cars, similarly a bunch for rentals (although I’ve always found craigslist to be the best), then there’s ebay.com and amazon.com for resales of goods.
I agree that certain kinds of listings services wouldn’t have supported every newspaper in the country.
But, every newspaper in the country doesn’t need the budget it has enjoyed until this time. Does every local newspaper need its own movie reviewer? Its own style section? It’s own opinion columnists? Newspapers got bloated because they were monopolists within their region and could pile on all kinds of coverage that were not, strictly speaking, necessary.
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:16 pm
The burrito cart on K street is decent, although the relatively flavor-deficient beans need a good helping of the guy’s mango habanero sauce to make it as flavorful as it should be. It’s better than you’d expect for a white dude from Philly, anyway.
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:18 pm
I agree with realist above: what the internet has done is precluded top heavy firms from being viable. What makes a newspaper worthy is credibility, relevance, and timeliness. Like MY said, TPM can offer that. And so long as Josh Marshall doesn’t need to make seven figures or want to turn his operation into one that requires layers and layers of management for coordination and production then his organization will thrive.
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:27 pm
this comment string proves the point about the internet being researchless ramblings. There are many points about newspapers and classifieds and revenue that are provably in error.
there are many smart folks here talking but how much of what they say can be fact supported?
Last I heard, the LATimes was making tens of millions, just not enough to support the leverage buy out that Zell engineered to save his own cash.
Newsprint is not cheap. Delivery by truck of newsprint is not cheap.
People are not buying cars. It aint just GM that cant make money. Look at the sales figures for Toyota.
Content is costly. One Baghdad bureau reporter for the NYT cost 250k a few years ago. more now, not even counting security support.
the newspaper business model is broken. It is too expensive to support very large newsroom operations.
December 23rd, 2008 at 1:53 pm
As anyone who watched Season 5 of The Wire knows, the decline of the local paper is going to be a disaster for local issues and politics. Local TV news basically just follows the local paper on major stories, and fills the rest of their time with cheap “public interest” stories (Your Christmas Tree— could it Kill You?).
Big local papers aren’t really sustainable since they essentially subsidize the costs of their local reporting by presenting a lot of other non-local content national section. That’s not going to work in an era where people can get their national news from CNN or the NY Times.
So when the mayor gets caught skimming funds, who’s going to be there to report it? Right now the most likely candidate seems to be the alternative weeklies do ok, mostly by running “adult” advertising— I’m giving them the best shot at stepping into the void.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:02 pm
Five — I have more thoughts on this but I’m supposed to go get a burrito with my colleagues.
Uh-oh. Veering into Jonah Goldberg territory there.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:04 pm
“You know… I wouldn’t write off everything to craigslist yet. Craigslist is at it’s own point in the software development process were it could easily be usurped.”
Theoretically possible, but it’s not going to be the newspapers who do it, but either new start-ups or Amazon or NewsCorp or Disney (most likely new start-ups, but it’s theoretically possible if unlikely that those others will be savvy enough). The newspapers would need to jump at least three steps ahead of where they are now, and it’s simply extraordinarily unlikely that they’d be able to even contemplate doing that, much less successfully doing that.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:06 pm
Who didn’t realize by Sept. 1998, when eBay went public, that a one-stop classified ads place was a no brainer?
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:07 pm
And I agree that Craigslist and eBay could both easily be beaten at this game. They’re not optimized by a long shot.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:09 pm
Yep. And I think part of the problem is that print still hasn’t figured out a good way to differentiate itself from online. Around here, the local rag mostly carries AP stories. I can go to the computer and call those up. I think local content is the way to go, but many papers are unwilling or unable to try that model.
As for giving classified ad space away, I don’t think that would’ve solved problems at all, as the ads still need to be ’set’ and printed, and a revenue source would have turned into a steady loss. Dropping rates might’ve helped though.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:10 pm
I am somewhat suspicious, for if there is an across-the-board decline in print media, then surely general publications like USA Today, Wall Street Journal, The Economist would suffer as well.
That has not, to my rather elementary knowledge, been the case. In fact, as far as I can recall, the circulation for USA Today and Wall Street Journal remain unchanged year-on-year, at 2.3 and 2 million.
Could something other than irreversible broad market factors be at work?
(Personally, I have not read the NY TImes for quite a while. The intellectual snobbery offends.)
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:15 pm
Joe:
I take the point that, in addition to the single dominant classifieds aggregator, there will be a number of profitable niche businesses. But my point remains. There’s absolutely no competitive advantage that any newspaper could bring to competing in these business, and quite a few disadvantages. The listings marketplace was bound to nationalize, as indeed, it has. And that pulls the plug on the vas majority of papers.
And yes, local newspapers undeniably ended up replicating similar content, an inefficiency that the market is now correcting. In opinion journalism, there’ll be no great loss. I used to have just a few reviews of media products (films, television, books, etc) available to me; then, for a brief while, I had hundreds published by major media organizations. Now, I will revert to having a few from edited sources, and a vastly larger number from the meritocracy of the web. Something is undoubtedly lost therein, but there are also gains.
But, as others have pointed out, the world of reported content looks very different. Please don’t mistake unprofitable operations for worthless content. The most profitable sections of a newspaper are things like Automotive and Real Estate. The editorial content in these sections tends to be blather or drivel. But advertisers lust after the readers, and they’re immensely profitable. The front section, by contrast, is produced at an enormous loss - but the most valuable journalism is printed their, and it commands a much larger audience than the specialty sections. In fact, newspapers almost all reach more readers today than they did a decade ago. Demand for their content has actually increased. It’s just that their revenue model died.
And here’s something I don’t see discussed often enough: WalMart and Macy*s. Newspapers, you see, aren’t the only sectors that have undergone massive consolidation and dislocation. The largest advertisers in any newspaper in America used to be auto dealers, supermarkets, and department stores. Well, auto dealers are still around, for a little while, at any rate. But supermarkets and department stores have come under tremendous pressure. Every time a WalMart opens, a whole bunch of local retailers go out of business. And as a matter of corporate policy, WalMart does not advertise in newspapers. Those ad dollars are just gone. Then, there’s Macy’s. For decades, department stores were enormous advertisers. Over the course of the century, chains across the country gradually consolidated in to two behemoths: Federated and Mays. They squared off in almost every American city, and their battle was extraordinarily lucrative for newspapers, as they competed for the most enticing ads. But in 2005, they merged. Now, they enjoy a virtual monopoly on their sector. Advertising didn’t drop by half, as two sets of brands merged into one - in many cases, it fell by over two-thirds, as they no longer had to compete as vigorously.
It’s not that newspapers had a monopoly on the distribution of news. That vanished decades ago, ceded to radio and then television. It’s that they enjoyed a monopoly on the efficient delivery of advertising to mass local audiences. Neither TV nor Radio could deliver as large a local audience for as little a cost. But the internet can deliver a larger local audience at an even lower cost, and in an even more tightly targeted fashion. The content is as compelling as ever. But there’s no revenue to support it.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:17 pm
“But it’s also true that such services now have national marketing heft. That’s the key point. If I move from New York to DC, I’m not going to track down the local classifieds - I’m far more likely to use the one I already know.”
It took Craigslist 5 YEARS to grow beyond the SF Bay Area, and another a year before they grew beyond the West Coast. It took eight years before they were really solidly national (from their founding in 1995 to 2002/2003). Plenty of time for the newspapers to get their act together, which they didn’t.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:18 pm
News companies that create print editions need to figure out if they’re in the “paper printing and bundling” business” , or if they’re in the news business.
I have no sympathy for pathetic dinosaurs who cling to a media format because it’s what they’re comfortable with.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:21 pm
If I move from New York to DC, I’m not going to track down the local classifieds - I’m far more likely to use the one I already know.
Then you’re certainly in the minority. Before craigslist, everyone “tracked down” the local classifieds — by picking up the dominant local daily newspaper. If newspapers had been smart, they’d still be dominant in online classifieds. The local newspaper had a huge head start on craigslist in terms of resources, market position, name recognition, and they let Craig & Co. grab it from them.
And the hit that newspapers are taking from the recession is huge. Look at any big chain’s earnings statements — lots of them went from healthy but shrinking profits in 07 to actual losses this year. The rise of the Internet and the decline of print is a decade-long phenomenon. It was the recession that made them fall off a cliff this year. Newspapers are hugely cyclical.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:23 pm
Those publications are all suffering (well, I don’t know about the Economist, but it’s not a newspaper). The issue isn’t declining circulation, its declining ad revenue. Check the latest financials for Gannett, USA Today’s parent company. Dow Jones, the WSJ’s parent, was barely profitable when Murdoch bought it.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:25 pm
I live in a town that has an eviscerated local newspaper and no online news source, so we are basically without the “third estate” to keep an eye on things. The paper is terrified of losing one more advertiser so they only have the most basic coverage of any local controversy–quoting those involved, but no behind-the-scenes, shoe-leather reporting of what is happening. Almost every time I pick up the paper there is some story that is just crying for some reported news. The result is an uninformed electorate that votes for who they know the best, or who manages to get themselves on one of the TV stations from the nearby larger city. The politicians hire their relatives and friends to fill positions, and nobody knows about it.
December 23rd, 2008 at 2:36 pm
Matt doesn’t mention legal notices published in the newspaper. While some states have eliminated many of such notices, others have not, including Georgia where I live. Virtually everything one does in Georgia requires some form of published notice, and the local newspaper is filled with them every day, the most numerous today being foreclosure notices (that’s right, you can see who is about to lose his or her house by simply reading the legal notices in the paper). Requiring legal notices to be published in the newspaper is about as antiquated as the horse and buggy (none other than Ben Franklin being the first significant beneficiary of the requirement), but today it could be viewed as a form of benign government assistance to the newspaper industry. How about enacting a federal law requiring such notices whenever one moves, takes a job, has a child, buys a car. You get the idea.
December 23rd, 2008 at 6:39 pm
How will we get local/metro type news without a local newspaper? I want my paper in the morning - I look forward to it and I absolutely do not want it to go away. The internet has many fine points but it will never replace a newspaper with its weight and heft and ability to be portable and storable. We have a very fine newspaper in Sacramento and I’m keeping my fingers crossed that it survives.
December 23rd, 2008 at 10:23 pm
“Plenty of time for the newspapers to get their act together, which they didn’t.”
I don’t understand what you think newspapers were supposed to
do about this. They had a large revenue stream from classified
ads. Then suddenly the Internet made it possible to handle
the whole classified-ad business in a way that was highly
automated, with almost zero marginal cost. And the result
wasn’t that craigslist and ebay got the same revenue and hired
thousands of copy-editors and typesetters: it was that a couple
of small internet-based businesses replaced a whole lot of
bigger print-based businesses, and the total ad revenue shrank
dramatically. It wouldn’t have made any difference if it
had been “NYTimesList” instead of CraigsList: the new model
provides enough revenue to run server farms, but not enough
revenue to run printing presses and crank out thousands of
tons of paper and shlep it to everyone.
December 24th, 2008 at 4:27 am
I would to point out that many papers have had their automatic revenue feedback loop broken. New York Times used to be a lot more of an “establishment” paper than it is today, subscribed automatically en masse by important business firms, etc, so its advertising was significantly more valuable as it captured a very lucrative, affluent, and thus desirable demographic, who, liking it or not, found a copy of the TImes on their desk every morning and more or less read some parts of it. Like is the case for a lot of regional papers, this has been happening less and less over the last decade. I think this has been happening to a certain extent with all papers, but of course given how desirable the New York Times demographic was, would have hit the Gray Lady exceedingly hard.
December 24th, 2008 at 10:15 am
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December 24th, 2008 at 12:24 pm
Lost in all of the recent hand-wringing is the fact that local content has been going away for years in the newspaper biz. AP, UPI (RIP), and other news aggregators have been homogenizing the content of local papers forever. My local “daily” is now about 95% wire stuff. If you want any local content at all, you have to go to the High School sports section. Their editorial content is blindingly bland, as they don’t want to piss off any advertisers whatsoever. I was a dead-tree newspaper subscriber for 40+ years until I just had no interest in the “human interest” stuff that they were pumping out and calling news. Much more interesting and informative and important stuff is now internet based, rather than paper based. We are no longer subject to the tyranny of the editorial opinions of only the dinosaurs that made it high enough in the food-chain of the opinion biz to get themselves syndicated.
And it isn’t just newspapers: Look at what worthless pieces of dreck the weekly newsmags like Time, US News and Newsweek have turned into. By the time they get their product to my door it is exceedingly out of date. Getting one of these mags in my mailbox is about as informative as reading the 3-year-old editions of Field and Stream in the dentist’s office. Everything in their mags I read two weeks earlier on-line.
Some west-coast dude named Craig just administered the coup to an industry that was teetering already. The classified content of my local midwest daily went from 10-12 pages to 2 pages in the space of about two years. I doubt that they will be in biz printing a paper two years from now.
December 24th, 2008 at 7:05 pm
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Viagra - das Medikament fur die Behandlung von Storungen der Erektion - erektile Dysfunktion. Es gibt naturliche Mechanismen fur den Beginn der Montage, ein Mann hilft, eine Erektion auslosen. Durchgefuhrt bei Mannern leiden unter erektiler Dysfunktion unterschiedlicher Herkunft (Herz-Kreislauf-, Nerven-Storungen der Erektion).
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Viagra / VIAGRA.
Die Zusammensetzung und die Form der Befreiung:
Viagra-Pillen fur 1 oder 4 Stuck. in das Paket.
Viagra 1 Tablette enthalt 25, 50 oder 100 mg Sildenafil (als Sildenafil Citrat).
Viagra - Informationen fur Patienten:
Was ist Viagra?
Das Medikament Viagra ist das erste pharmazeutische Medien, die uber eine hohe Zuverlassigkeit und die Wirksamkeit der meisten Patienten mit Storungen der Erektion. Viagra hilft dem Korper, um die naturliche Reaktion auf sexuelle Stimulation.
Was ist der Mechanismus der Viagra?
Ist die Erhohung der Menge an Blut flie?t in den Penis und hilft Mannern aufgrund einer naturlichen Erektion. Viagra funktioniert nur uber die Mechanismen des Auftretens und die Errichtung von seiner unbestreitbaren Neuheit und das Geheimnis der sich gro?er Beliebtheit.
Was ist die Wirksamkeit von Viagra?
Viagra hat eine sehr hohe Effizienz. Die Wirksamkeit von Viagra in einer Partie hangt von der Art der erektilen Dysfunktion, aus opportunistischen Krankheiten. Wenn Kreislauf-erektiler Dysfunktion Viagra sehr wirksam, wenn die venose Entwasserung anomale Ergebnisse der Viagra viel schlimmer.
Viagra konnte der sexuellen Anziehungskraft?
Wirkung von Viagra beruht lediglich auf der Verbesserung der Blutzirkulation im Korper Kammern des Penis, und die Verbesserung der sexuellen Anziehung. Viagra nimmt nicht zu, die Libido und ist nicht eine “spannende” Werkzeug.
Um die Viagra?
Viagra gezeigt, gelten fur Manner leiden unter erektilen Dysfunktion aus verschiedenen Hintergrunden, einschlie?lich derjenigen mit vaskulare Lasionen, oder die Nerven des Penis. Eine Ausnahme kann nur eine grobe Hohle Stellen Fibrose des Penis.
Wie zu definieren sexuelle Normen?
Gesunde wird davon ausgegangen, dass und hatte eine Erektion, so dass Sie zur Aufrechterhaltung der sexuellen Beziehungen und vollstandig sind. Wenn die Menschen, die als gesund, die Viagra und zeigt die Verbesserung der Funktion der Erektion, wahrend die Tatsache, dass einige gute Mai erektilen Dysfunktion leiden.
Was Fachleute sind aufgefordert, Konsultationen uber die?
Wir empfehlen, dass in der Regel den Rat der Behorde ein seksopatologu oder Urologen. Es ist wunschenswert, dass auch tourte ein Kardiologe oder Therapeuten, um zu verhindern, Herz-und Gefa?krankheiten. Wenn Sie irgendwelche chronischen Krankheit, sollten sich an einen Spezialisten.
Wie kann ich nehmen Viagra?
Alles, was Sie zu tun haben, ist eine Pille Vyagry etwa eine Stunde vor sexueller Aktivitat. Nach ca. 30-60 Minuten weg von Drogen und den Betrieb dauerte vier Stunden. Viagra ist am besten vor dem Essen, weil in diesem Fall wurde schnell handeln. Wirkung von Viagra ist die getroffen werden, nur dann, wenn Sie wollen, verpflichten, eine sexuelle Handlung. Viagra sollte nicht mehr als einmal taglich eingenommen werden.
So wahlen Sie eine Dosis von Viagra?
Viagra ist in drei Standard-Dosis: 25, 50 und 100 mg. Normalerweise, Viagra bestellt in der Mitte Dosis - 50 mg, und dann, je nach der nachsten (oder in der Nahe) die Wirkung der Dosis wird. Ein anderer Ansatz - zu Beginn der Behandlung mit einem Minimum Dosis, was einem Anstieg von bis zu gute Wirkung.
Wie sicher ist Viagra?
Klinische Studien haben gezeigt, die Sicherheit von Viagra. Die Haufigkeit der Beendigung der Behandlung aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen war vergleichbar mit Patienten, die das Medikament (2,5%) oder Placebo (2,3%). Aber die Demonstration eines Arzneimittels Interaktion, insbesondere mit Nitraten, die in der Behandlung von Herz-und Gefa?krankheiten. Dies ist der Grund, warum Viagra ist kontraindiziert bei Patienten, die Behandlung mit Nitraten (Nitroglycerin, izoket, kardiket, perlinganit, Lay, efoks, olikard, nitrosorbid, sustak, monochinkve, nitrong, monosan etc.). Jeder Mann, der hat Nitraten jeglicher Art zu jeder Zeit (in der Regel mit Nitraten stenocardia - Schmerzen in der Brust, die durch Herzerkrankungen) sollte nicht nehmen Viagra. Die Gefahr besteht darin, eine mogliche signifikante Senkung des Blutdrucks. Ende November 1998 in der Welt offiziell registrierten 69 Fallen der Tod nach der Einnahme von Viagra. Die Ursache des Todes in allen Fallen waren Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfalle), die ging von Toten wahrend des Geschlechtsverkehrs. Geschlechtsverkehr - ist eine ernsthafte Ausubung Stress!
Fur Medikamente mussen getroffen werden, mit Vorsicht zu genie?en?
Erstens handelt es sich um Menschen mit schweren Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen: Herzinsuffizienz, Angina pectoris, Erkrankungen des Gehirns Verkehr (Schmerzen im Herzen mit Last fizichekoy oder allein, Gedachtnis und geistige Leistungsfahigkeit). In diesem Fall sollten Sie einen Arzt / eine Arztin uber die Zweckma?igkeit der Erhalt Viagra. Greater dennoch ist Vorsicht angebracht bei Patienten, die zuvor aufgetreten priapizm (pathologische Zustande, die durch das Auftreten einer Erektion, die nicht im Zusammenhang mit der erotischen Stimulation, die sich zuletzt viele Stunden, was zu Schmerzen in den Penis). Patienten, die eine Pradisposition fur ein priapizma erfordert arztlicher Aufsicht. Vorsicht ist notwendig, wenn Viagra fur Menschen, die Verwaltung nach verschiedenen Arten von Vereinbarungen oder Auto, da manchmal nach der Einnahme des Arzneimittels beim Menschen konnen sich rasch eindringen tsvetooschuscheniya mit einer Vorherrschaft des blauen Blumen .
Wie Sie vielleicht erwarten, nachdem die Zulassung verlangert Viagra?
Es gab keinen Hinweis auf die Daten, dass die langere Anwendung von Viagra konnte dazu fuhren, dass schwerwiegende Folgen. Diese up-to-date Wissen uber das Produkt ermoglicht die Gewahrung von Viagra, fur den Gelegenheitsverkehr und fur die langfristige Behandlung der erektilen Dysfunktion.
Wenn Viagra wirkt sich nicht auf die Fahigkeit, Kinder zu haben?
Viagra hat keine Auswirkungen auf die Fahigkeit, Kinder zu haben. In Fallen, in denen erektile Dysfunktion verhindern Paare unter Konzeption im gebarfahigen Alter, Viagra vielleicht nutzlich sein konnten.
Viagra hat Fruchtbarkeit?
So weit, absolut bewiesen, dass es keine Auswirkungen von Viagra auf die Fruchtbarkeit. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Viagra beruhrt weder die Qualitat von Sperma, oder die Anzahl und Aktivitat von Spermien.
Wie Viagra funktioniert bei gesunden Menschen?
Die Anwesenheit von Blut in einer Konzentration etwas Sildenafil Mai Beschleunigung der Wiederherstellung der eine Erektion nach dem Orgasmus. Dies ist die so genannte Feuerfest-Frist, die ist ein Mann nach jedem Orgasmus, und ist gekennzeichnet durch die Unfahigkeit der Montage innerhalb einer bestimmten Hohe der Zeit. Viagra kann Ihnen dabei helfen, schneller nach dem Orgasmus zum nachsten Partner.
Wie kann ich nehmen Viagra fur altere Menschen?
Das einzige, was wert Betonung -, dass der Zustand des Herzens. Dies ist eine wiederkehrende Schmerzen im Herzen, die mit dem physischen Stress - wenn Sie die Treppe, zu Fuss schnell. Fur den Fall, Sie sind wirklich besorgt uber die Schmerzen im Herzen von korperlicher Gewalt ist, dass vor der Einnahme von Viagra sind aufgefordert, beziehen sich die Kardiologen.
So weit wie Viagra gilt fur Frauen?
Viagra ist fur Manner und Frauen nerekomendovana Zulassung.
Was passiert, wenn Viagra nicht helfen?
Fall-Ansatz fur die Behandlung von erektiler Dysfunktion recht. Viagra - ohne Zweifel ein wunderbares Produkt, aber dies ist nicht der einzige der Optionen. Wenden Sie sich an einen Spezialisten.
Wie kann ich zwischen den gefalschten Viagra?
Die Grundregel, die Schutz vor Falschungen Kauf - zu kaufen Medikamente in Apotheken, die amtlich registriert sind und die offizielle Lizenzen fur den Handel mit pharmazeutischen Produkten.
Der Mythos von Viagra
November 19, 2003 | 19:50
Rechtsanwalte, die Praxis des Familienrechts, sagte er: das Wunder Pillen haben mehr soziale Kosten als eine medizinische Handlung. In jedem Fall ist die Realitat von Nordamerika ist aus diesen Beispielen.
Was sie zusammen und fugen ihre eigenen medizinischen Erfahrung, Abraham Morgental, sobald ein Einwohner von Montreal, und jetzt als Professor an der Harvard Arzt, schrieb ein Buch, das beschreibt, mit gro?er Beredsamkeit: “Der Mythos von Viagra.” Die Grundidee ist es, Release: Viagra helfen in der Ehe, aber viele Familien zerstort.
“Viagra ist nicht nur in Nordamerika sondern in der ganzen Welt, ist jetzt genauso erkennbar wie Coca-Cola, zum Beispiel,” - sagt der Autor des Buches, personlich geliefert viele der Vorschriften fur ihre Patienten. Aber keiner von ihnen gefragt, udosuzhilsya oder Nebenwirkungen haben, so zu sprechen, die auf der Ruckseite der dieses Medikament.
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Die blauen Pillen, ich versichere Ihnen, Rechtsanwalt uber Scheidung geworden sind Gegenstand zahlreicher Studien, die Essenz von dem, was ist zhiteyskoy Banalitat: Ehemanner, die mehr als funfzig, mit der Unterstutzung Fleisch Viagra, beginnen sich zu andern Verlust des Interesses an Sex und die Handschellen zu suchen jungere Partner. Seine Frau, die wiederum auf der Suche nach Rechtsanwalten sich scheiden lassen. Keine der Parteien ist nicht bekannt, wie Viagra, weil der Scheidung, jedoch versichert, die Anwalte, diese Pillen - ein gefahrlicher Faktor.
Hier ist nur ein Beispiel zu nennen, sagen, einen Rechtsanwalt vertreten, das Paar geschieden. Der Initiator der Ara der Scheidung von ihrem Ehemann. Seine Frau fand das Rezept zum ersten Mal ihr Ehemann, und die Pillen selbst. Von ihnen, bevor ihr Mann nach links fur eine zweitagige Reise. Wenn der Ehemann nach Hause zuruckgekehrt aus acht in Ihrem Arsenal von Pillen, um nur ein … Dies war der entscheidende Faktor fur den Fall der Scheidung.
Ein weiterer Patient-Held, ein junger 38 Jahre alt, nahm die Pille, “um nicht zu verlieren, die Meisterschaft des Bettes und nicht oploshat vor seiner Freundin. Innerhalb weniger Tage, sie offnet einen geheimen Braut der sexuellen Aktivitat ihrer Freund - wurde festgestellt, in der Tasche die Pille Viagra … Das Verhaltnis sank in der gleichen plotzlich, und begann.
Sex und Ehe - ist nicht das gleiche
Viele der Patienten von Dr. Morgenthaler ist der Auffassung, dass diese blaue Pille Allheilmittel zur Losung all ihrer Probleme - nicht nur fur die Gesundheit im Zusammenhang mit Erektionen, sondern auch nur Menschen. Dass nur Schaden. “Ich habe gehort zu meinen Patienten und kam zu dem Schluss, dass Viagra hat die Legende, dass uber das hinausgeht, die Droge der Gelegenheit. Leute, die ein Rezept fur Viagra, wir glauben, dass dieser blaue Pille, ihre personlichen Beziehungen zu den anderen Geschlechts, brechen alle Hindernisse fur die sexuelle Attraktion “- sagte der Autor des Buches.
Wenn jemand ist, dass sexuelle Gefuhle auf der emotionalen Ebene, Viagra, ist keine Assistenten. Die Tabletten konnen nur in der physischen Ebene - und nur. Mittlerweile sind die meisten Manner, die nach Ansicht von Dr. Morgenthaler, die Verwendung von Viagra als Mittel der Inspiration, “und nicht als ein von Arzneimitteln. Als Beweis nannte er das Beispiel der jungen Menschen, die durch Viagra kaufen Internet - Kunden in allen Gesundheits-Indikatoren, gibt es keine erektile Dysfunktion, aber wer noch wollen Viagra - fur die emotionale, wie sie erklaren. Dies ist ein gro?er Fehler, sagt in dem Buch.
Allerdings ist die altere der “Inspiration”, wie sie vor den gleichen Buch, im Grunde, sind nicht lustig, und sexuell ubertragbare Krankheiten. Diese sind ihre Satze, um zu versuchen zu verstehen, der Schwanz fliegen gut weg von jungen Menschen - “eine Viagra, sie sind auf der Suche nach Prostituierten, weil sie nicht pomyshlyali vor.” Ein weiteres Ergebnis dieser Aktivitat - die steigende Rate von Aids in der Bevolkerung des Rentenalters.
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После длительной рабочей недели решил чуток расслабиться, посмотреть полутора часовой, свежевышедший фильм Перевозчик 3. В роли продюсера выступает всеми известный Люк Бессон.
От многих кинокритиков только и слышу, что Перевозчик 3 относится к стандартному продукту марки Бессонна. Если быть откровенным, так оно и есть, к примеру, жаркие погони, прыжки, драки, экшен, тачки, мчащиеся с запредельной скоростью.
Хватит болтовни, перейдем ближе в фильму.
Сюжет следующий: злые дядьки капиталюги, везут на несчастную Украину кучу радиоактивных отходов. Чтобы уладить проблемы с таможней, крадут дочку министра по экологии. Сюжет натянутый просто до ужаса. Ну а кто кроме Фрэнка (главного героя) может справиться с столь сложной задачей??? Естественно все не так просто, Фрэнк отказывается от выполнения миссии, за что получает модный браслет , начиненный взрывчаткой и управляемый дистанционно.
December 26th, 2008 at 5:48 pm
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Viagra - das Medikament fur die Behandlung von Storungen der Erektion - erektile Dysfunktion. Es gibt naturliche Mechanismen fur den Beginn der Montage, ein Mann hilft, eine Erektion auslosen. Durchgefuhrt bei Mannern leiden unter erektiler Dysfunktion unterschiedlicher Herkunft (Herz-Kreislauf-, Nerven-Storungen der Erektion).
Lateinischer Name:
Viagra / VIAGRA.
Die Zusammensetzung und die Form der Befreiung:
Viagra-Pillen fur 1 oder 4 Stuck. in das Paket.
Viagra 1 Tablette enthalt 25, 50 oder 100 mg Sildenafil (als Sildenafil Citrat).
Viagra - Informationen fur Patienten:
Was ist Viagra?
Das Medikament Viagra ist das erste pharmazeutische Medien, die uber eine hohe Zuverlassigkeit und die Wirksamkeit der meisten Patienten mit Storungen der Erektion. Viagra hilft dem Korper, um die naturliche Reaktion auf sexuelle Stimulation.
Was ist der Mechanismus der Viagra?
Ist die Erhohung der Menge an Blut flie?t in den Penis und hilft Mannern aufgrund einer naturlichen Erektion. Viagra funktioniert nur uber die Mechanismen des Auftretens und die Errichtung von seiner unbestreitbaren Neuheit und das Geheimnis der sich gro?er Beliebtheit.
Was ist die Wirksamkeit von Viagra?
Viagra hat eine sehr hohe Effizienz. Die Wirksamkeit von Viagra in einer Partie hangt von der Art der erektilen Dysfunktion, aus opportunistischen Krankheiten. Wenn Kreislauf-erektiler Dysfunktion Viagra sehr wirksam, wenn die venose Entwasserung anomale Ergebnisse der Viagra viel schlimmer.
Viagra konnte der sexuellen Anziehungskraft?
Wirkung von Viagra beruht lediglich auf der Verbesserung der Blutzirkulation im Korper Kammern des Penis, und die Verbesserung der sexuellen Anziehung. Viagra nimmt nicht zu, die Libido und ist nicht eine “spannende” Werkzeug.
Um die Viagra?
Viagra gezeigt, gelten fur Manner leiden unter erektilen Dysfunktion aus verschiedenen Hintergrunden, einschlie?lich derjenigen mit vaskulare Lasionen, oder die Nerven des Penis. Eine Ausnahme kann nur eine grobe Hohle Stellen Fibrose des Penis.
Wie zu definieren sexuelle Normen?
Gesunde wird davon ausgegangen, dass und hatte eine Erektion, so dass Sie zur Aufrechterhaltung der sexuellen Beziehungen und vollstandig sind. Wenn die Menschen, die als gesund, die Viagra und zeigt die Verbesserung der Funktion der Erektion, wahrend die Tatsache, dass einige gute Mai erektilen Dysfunktion leiden.
Was Fachleute sind aufgefordert, Konsultationen uber die?
Wir empfehlen, dass in der Regel den Rat der Behorde ein seksopatologu oder Urologen. Es ist wunschenswert, dass auch tourte ein Kardiologe oder Therapeuten, um zu verhindern, Herz-und Gefa?krankheiten. Wenn Sie irgendwelche chronischen Krankheit, sollten sich an einen Spezialisten.
Wie kann ich nehmen Viagra?
Alles, was Sie zu tun haben, ist eine Pille Vyagry etwa eine Stunde vor sexueller Aktivitat. Nach ca. 30-60 Minuten weg von Drogen und den Betrieb dauerte vier Stunden. Viagra ist am besten vor dem Essen, weil in diesem Fall wurde schnell handeln. Wirkung von Viagra ist die getroffen werden, nur dann, wenn Sie wollen, verpflichten, eine sexuelle Handlung. Viagra sollte nicht mehr als einmal taglich eingenommen werden.
So wahlen Sie eine Dosis von Viagra?
Viagra ist in drei Standard-Dosis: 25, 50 und 100 mg. Normalerweise, Viagra bestellt in der Mitte Dosis - 50 mg, und dann, je nach der nachsten (oder in der Nahe) die Wirkung der Dosis wird. Ein anderer Ansatz - zu Beginn der Behandlung mit einem Minimum Dosis, was einem Anstieg von bis zu gute Wirkung.
Wie sicher ist Viagra?
Klinische Studien haben gezeigt, die Sicherheit von Viagra. Die Haufigkeit der Beendigung der Behandlung aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen war vergleichbar mit Patienten, die das Medikament (2,5%) oder Placebo (2,3%). Aber die Demonstration eines Arzneimittels Interaktion, insbesondere mit Nitraten, die in der Behandlung von Herz-und Gefa?krankheiten. Dies ist der Grund, warum Viagra ist kontraindiziert bei Patienten, die Behandlung mit Nitraten (Nitroglycerin, izoket, kardiket, perlinganit, Lay, efoks, olikard, nitrosorbid, sustak, monochinkve, nitrong, monosan etc.). Jeder Mann, der hat Nitraten jeglicher Art zu jeder Zeit (in der Regel mit Nitraten stenocardia - Schmerzen in der Brust, die durch Herzerkrankungen) sollte nicht nehmen Viagra. Die Gefahr besteht darin, eine mogliche signifikante Senkung des Blutdrucks. Ende November 1998 in der Welt offiziell registrierten 69 Fallen der Tod nach der Einnahme von Viagra. Die Ursache des Todes in allen Fallen waren Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfalle), die ging von Toten wahrend des Geschlechtsverkehrs. Geschlechtsverkehr - ist eine ernsthafte Ausubung Stress!
Fur Medikamente mussen getroffen werden, mit Vorsicht zu genie?en?
Erstens handelt es sich um Menschen mit schweren Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen: Herzinsuffizienz, Angina pectoris, Erkrankungen des Gehirns Verkehr (Schmerzen im Herzen mit Last fizichekoy oder allein, Gedachtnis und geistige Leistungsfahigkeit). In diesem Fall sollten Sie einen Arzt / eine Arztin uber die Zweckma?igkeit der Erhalt Viagra. Greater dennoch ist Vorsicht angebracht bei Patienten, die zuvor aufgetreten priapizm (pathologische Zustande, die durch das Auftreten einer Erektion, die nicht im Zusammenhang mit der erotischen Stimulation, die sich zuletzt viele Stunden, was zu Schmerzen in den Penis). Patienten, die eine Pradisposition fur ein priapizma erfordert arztlicher Aufsicht. Vorsicht ist notwendig, wenn Viagra fur Menschen, die Verwaltung nach verschiedenen Arten von Vereinbarungen oder Auto, da manchmal nach der Einnahme des Arzneimittels beim Menschen konnen sich rasch eindringen tsvetooschuscheniya mit einer Vorherrschaft des blauen Blumen .
Wie Sie vielleicht erwarten, nachdem die Zulassung verlangert Viagra?
Es gab keinen Hinweis auf die Daten, dass die langere Anwendung von Viagra konnte dazu fuhren, dass schwerwiegende Folgen. Diese up-to-date Wissen uber das Produkt ermoglicht die Gewahrung von Viagra, fur den Gelegenheitsverkehr und fur die langfristige Behandlung der erektilen Dysfunktion.
Wenn Viagra wirkt sich nicht auf die Fahigkeit, Kinder zu haben?
Viagra hat keine Auswirkungen auf die Fahigkeit, Kinder zu haben. In Fallen, in denen erektile Dysfunktion verhindern Paare unter Konzeption im gebarfahigen Alter, Viagra vielleicht nutzlich sein konnten.
Viagra hat Fruchtbarkeit?
So weit, absolut bewiesen, dass es keine Auswirkungen von Viagra auf die Fruchtbarkeit. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Viagra beruhrt weder die Qualitat von Sperma, oder die Anzahl und Aktivitat von Spermien.
Wie Viagra funktioniert bei gesunden Menschen?
Die Anwesenheit von Blut in einer Konzentration etwas Sildenafil Mai Beschleunigung der Wiederherstellung der eine Erektion nach dem Orgasmus. Dies ist die so genannte Feuerfest-Frist, die ist ein Mann nach jedem Orgasmus, und ist gekennzeichnet durch die Unfahigkeit der Montage innerhalb einer bestimmten Hohe der Zeit. Viagra kann Ihnen dabei helfen, schneller nach dem Orgasmus zum nachsten Partner.
Wie kann ich nehmen Viagra fur altere Menschen?
Das einzige, was wert Betonung -, dass der Zustand des Herzens. Dies ist eine wiederkehrende Schmerzen im Herzen, die mit dem physischen Stress - wenn Sie die Treppe, zu Fuss schnell. Fur den Fall, Sie sind wirklich besorgt uber die Schmerzen im Herzen von korperlicher Gewalt ist, dass vor der Einnahme von Viagra sind aufgefordert, beziehen sich die Kardiologen.
So weit wie Viagra gilt fur Frauen?
Viagra ist fur Manner und Frauen nerekomendovana Zulassung.
Was passiert, wenn Viagra nicht helfen?
Fall-Ansatz fur die Behandlung von erektiler Dysfunktion recht. Viagra - ohne Zweifel ein wunderbares Produkt, aber dies ist nicht der einzige der Optionen. Wenden Sie sich an einen Spezialisten.
Wie kann ich zwischen den gefalschten Viagra?
Die Grundregel, die Schutz vor Falschungen Kauf - zu kaufen Medikamente in Apotheken, die amtlich registriert sind und die offizielle Lizenzen fur den Handel mit pharmazeutischen Produkten.
Der Mythos von Viagra
November 19, 2003 | 19:50
Rechtsanwalte, die Praxis des Familienrechts, sagte er: das Wunder Pillen haben mehr soziale Kosten als eine medizinische Handlung. In jedem Fall ist die Realitat von Nordamerika ist aus diesen Beispielen.
Was sie zusammen und fugen ihre eigenen medizinischen Erfahrung, Abraham Morgental, sobald ein Einwohner von Montreal, und jetzt als Professor an der Harvard Arzt, schrieb ein Buch, das beschreibt, mit gro?er Beredsamkeit: “Der Mythos von Viagra.” Die Grundidee ist es, Release: Viagra helfen in der Ehe, aber viele Familien zerstort.
“Viagra ist nicht nur in Nordamerika sondern in der ganzen Welt, ist jetzt genauso erkennbar wie Coca-Cola, zum Beispiel,” - sagt der Autor des Buches, personlich geliefert viele der Vorschriften fur ihre Patienten. Aber keiner von ihnen gefragt, udosuzhilsya oder Nebenwirkungen haben, so zu sprechen, die auf der Ruckseite der dieses Medikament.
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Die blauen Pillen, ich versichere Ihnen, Rechtsanwalt uber Scheidung geworden sind Gegenstand zahlreicher Studien, die Essenz von dem, was ist zhiteyskoy Banalitat: Ehemanner, die mehr als funfzig, mit der Unterstutzung Fleisch Viagra, beginnen sich zu andern Verlust des Interesses an Sex und die Handschellen zu suchen jungere Partner. Seine Frau, die wiederum auf der Suche nach Rechtsanwalten sich scheiden lassen. Keine der Parteien ist nicht bekannt, wie Viagra, weil der Scheidung, jedoch versichert, die Anwalte, diese Pillen - ein gefahrlicher Faktor.
Hier ist nur ein Beispiel zu nennen, sagen, einen Rechtsanwalt vertreten, das Paar geschieden. Der Initiator der Ara der Scheidung von ihrem Ehemann. Seine Frau fand das Rezept zum ersten Mal ihr Ehemann, und die Pillen selbst. Von ihnen, bevor ihr Mann nach links fur eine zweitagige Reise. Wenn der Ehemann nach Hause zuruckgekehrt aus acht in Ihrem Arsenal von Pillen, um nur ein … Dies war der entscheidende Faktor fur den Fall der Scheidung.
Ein weiterer Patient-Held, ein junger 38 Jahre alt, nahm die Pille, “um nicht zu verlieren, die Meisterschaft des Bettes und nicht oploshat vor seiner Freundin. Innerhalb weniger Tage, sie offnet einen geheimen Braut der sexuellen Aktivitat ihrer Freund - wurde festgestellt, in der Tasche die Pille Viagra … Das Verhaltnis sank in der gleichen plotzlich, und begann.
Sex und Ehe - ist nicht das gleiche
Viele der Patienten von Dr. Morgenthaler ist der Auffassung, dass diese blaue Pille Allheilmittel zur Losung all ihrer Probleme - nicht nur fur die Gesundheit im Zusammenhang mit Erektionen, sondern auch nur Menschen. Dass nur Schaden. “Ich habe gehort zu meinen Patienten und kam zu dem Schluss, dass Viagra hat die Legende, dass uber das hinausgeht, die Droge der Gelegenheit. Leute, die ein Rezept fur Viagra, wir glauben, dass dieser blaue Pille, ihre personlichen Beziehungen zu den anderen Geschlechts, brechen alle Hindernisse fur die sexuelle Attraktion “- sagte der Autor des Buches.
Wenn jemand ist, dass sexuelle Gefuhle auf der emotionalen Ebene, Viagra, ist keine Assistenten. Die Tabletten konnen nur in der physischen Ebene - und nur. Mittlerweile sind die meisten Manner, die nach Ansicht von Dr. Morgenthaler, die Verwendung von Viagra als Mittel der Inspiration, “und nicht als ein von Arzneimitteln. Als Beweis nannte er das Beispiel der jungen Menschen, die durch Viagra kaufen Internet - Kunden in allen Gesundheits-Indikatoren, gibt es keine erektile Dysfunktion, aber wer noch wollen Viagra - fur die emotionale, wie sie erklaren. Dies ist ein gro?er Fehler, sagt in dem Buch.
Allerdings ist die altere der “Inspiration”, wie sie vor den gleichen Buch, im Grunde, sind nicht lustig, und sexuell ubertragbare Krankheiten. Diese sind ihre Satze, um zu versuchen zu verstehen, der Schwanz fliegen gut weg von jungen Menschen - “eine Viagra, sie sind auf der Suche nach Prostituierten, weil sie nicht pomyshlyali vor.” Ein weiteres Ergebnis dieser Aktivitat - die steigende Rate von Aids in der Bevolkerung des Rentenalters.
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